In most cases it was purely economic: in Poland by the end of 80's people earned like $20 per month so even an idea of paying $20 for some shareware was quite crazy, not to mention $200 for Windows etc. So everything we used was pirated.
Today some of my friends in in Russia (important: outside of Moscow) who earn like $300 per month and live with parents because they can't afford renting a flat ($200 minimum). As you can imagine, PhotoShop Pro isn't high on their purchasing list ;)