My IPv6 address today is
2a02:390:79ef:0:bc7c:b971:4e32:1c20
Most detailed information you will get from WHOIS is 2a02:390:7000::/36 registered to my ISP somewhere in UK. And tomorrow the IP will be different.
Ok, this makes perfect sense - looks like privacy extensions offer privacy protection equivalent to an ISP-scale NAT.
> by using throwaway addresses for each connection
This is technically possible. I've seen some services using this technique to bypass Google search query limits by switching their egress IPv6 address every 5 minutes or so. Of course this works only as long as Google doesn't enforce limits per subnet but switching is easy. Choosing a new IPv6 address *per connection* is also technically possible with /etc/gai.conf, the client software would just need to actually do it.
Regarding stable IPv6 addresses - they are pain to configure as you have to use DHCPv6 and DHCP simply makes little sense with SLAAC. I've spent significant amount of time configuring DHCPv6 only to be able to track traffic in my LAN as all my personal and kids devices had different IPv6 addr each time :)
At the end of the day, I'm just tracking their MAC addresses as these are stable and configured everything else to use privacy extensions.
Regarding performance - well, that's why I got myself a native IPv6. In any case I don't think it's a big selling point today because currently observed IPv6 latency might be due to lower usage and saturation - nice, but still side effect.
I'm also not convinced it gives better performance or latency, given that everywhere I have IPv6 it's going via tunnels.