@yogthos But how work in USSR could have been based on "cooperation rather than competition" if everyone was forced to compete to finish the Plan? You evidently have no idea how it worked in reality, do you? Per excellent 1986 article by Nikolai Shmelev "Advances and debts" (Аванси и долги) over 30% of supplies in USSR were held as reserves by factories just to ensure they can satisfy the Plan and directors are not jailed - enormous waste of resources!