A member of our team installed the "let's get colorblind" extension for firefox: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/let-s-get-color-blind/
It gives you an idea of what different people will see, but doesn't go so far as to offer a preconfigured set of colors that people could adopt.
For example, I know if I want to choose a font which will be easier to read for people with dyslexia I can use https://opendyslexic.org/
From what I can tell there's no ready solution for accessible color palettes.